US, Chinese leaders seek to stabilise strained relations during face-to-face talks in Bali, Indonesia.
US President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping have sought improve strained relations as they sat down for their first in-person meeting as national leaders on the sidelines of the Group of 20 (G20) summit in Bali, Indonesia.
The meeting on Monday, which lasted three hours, involved “candid” discussions on a range of issues, including Taiwan, trade and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, according to separate statements from their offices.
Following the meeting, Biden told reporters he believed “there need be no new Cold War” while their offices said the two leaders stressed the importance of cooperation between Beijing and Washington to confront global challenges.
“Biden underscored that the United States and China must work together to address transnational challenges – such as climate change, global macroeconomic stability including debt relief, health security, and global food security – because that is what the international community expects,” the White House said.
The official Chinese news agency, Xinhua, also cited Xi as saying that the “two sides should work with all countries to bring more hope to world peace, greater confidence in global stability, and stronger impetus to common development”.
The meeting follows a spike in tensions between the two countries after top US lawmaker Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan earlier this year and Biden vowed to defend the self-ruled island – which Beijing claims as its own – if China invades it.
“On Taiwan, [Biden] laid out in detail that our one China policy has not changed, the United States opposes any unilateral changes to the status quo by either side, and the world has an interest in the maintenance of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait,” the White House said.
Under the “one China policy”, the US recognises the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing over the Republic of China (ROC) in Taipei as the sole and legal government of China. But Washington takes no position on Taiwan’s sovereignty, contending that its future should be determined by peaceful means.
This policy is different to the PRC’s “one China principle”, under which Beijing insists that Taiwan is an inalienable part of its territory.
For his part, Xi stressed that the “Taiwan question is at the very core of China’s core interests, the bedrock of the political foundation of China-US relations, and the first red line that must not be crossed in China-US relations”. Resolving this question is an internal Chinese matter and the US must not use Taiwan as a tool to seek advantages in competition with China, he said, according to a readout of the meeting by the Chinese foreign ministry.
After the three hour meeting ended, Biden told reporters that Washington does not believe that there is an immediate threat of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan.
“I absolutely believe there need not be a new Cold War,” Biden said. “I’ve met many times with Xi Jinping. And we were candid and clear with one another across the board. And I do not think there’s any imminent attempt on the part of China to invade Taiwan. And I made it clear that our policy in Taiwan has not changed at all.”
‘No zero-sum game’
Beyond Taiwan, ties between Beijing and Washington have soured over numerous other points of tension in recent years, including trade issues, human rights, claims to the South China Sea and an ongoing US push against growing Chinese influence in the Indo-Pacific.
The White House said Biden raised concerns with Xi on Monday over China’s “practices in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Hong Kong, and human rights more broadly”. The US has accused China of carrying out a genocide against its Muslim Uighur minority in the western region of Xinjiang – a charge that Beijing vehemently denies.
Last month, the White House and the Pentagon declared Beijing as Washington’s most serious strategic competitor in reports outlining US defence and foreign policy strategies.
“We’re going to compete vigorously, but I’m not looking for conflict,” Biden told reporters on Monday. “I’m looking to manage this competition responsibly. And I want to make sure that every country abides by the international rules of the road.”
For his part, Xi said he “looks forward to working with Biden to bring China-US relations back to the track of healthy and stable growth to the benefit of our two countries and the world as a whole”.
He said that for the two countries to get along, they must recognise and respect each other’s differences, including that “just as the United States has American-style democracy, China has Chinese style democracy”. Neither side should try to remold the other in one’s image, or seek to change or even subvert the other’s system, he said.
Xi went on to underscore that there will always be competition in the world.
“But competition should be about learning from each other to become one’s better self and make progress together, not about taking others down in a zero-sum game. The Chinese nation has the proud tradition of standing up for itself. Suppression and containment will only strengthen the will and boost the morale of the Chinese people,” he was quoted as saying.
“Starting a trade war or a technology war, building walls and barriers, and pushing for decoupling and severing supply chains run counter to the principles of market economy and undermine international trade rules. Such attempts serve no one’s interests. We oppose politicizing and weaponizing economic and trade ties as well as exchanges in science and technology,” he added.
The discussions between Biden and Xi also touched on the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The White House said the two leaders “reiterated their agreement that a nuclear war should never be fought and can never be won”. They also “underscored their opposition to the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons in Ukraine”.
The Chinese readout said Xi told Biden that China was “highly concerned about the current situation in Ukraine”.
“China has all along stood on the side of peace and will continue to encourage peace talks. We support and look forward to a resumption of peace talks between Russia and Ukraine. At the same time, we hope that the United States, NATO and the EU will conduct comprehensive dialogues with Russia,” it said.
Both sides said the two leaders agreed to maintain regular contact.
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken will also travel to Beijing to follow up on their discussions.
Andy Mok, senior research fellow at the Centre for China and Globalization, a Beijing-based think tank, described Biden’s remarks as “moderate in tone and conciliatory”.
He added, however, that the concern is that US rhetoric may not match policy, specifically around Taiwan – an issue that Xi is “adamant” about.
